Diseño de una cubierta solar fotovoltaica conectada a la red eléctrica e integrada en un edificio industrial

El presente proyecto tiene por objeto llevar a cabo el diseño de una cubierta solar fotovoltaica conectada a la red eléctrica e integrada en un edificio auxiliar para taller, localizado en el recinto de las cocheras de autobuses del Polígono Industrial “Les Hortes” de Mataró. El fin perseguido es diseñar una cubierta solar fotovoltaica que genere el máximo de energía eléctrica posible con objeto de volcarla a la Red Eléctrica y obtener el consecuente beneficio económico por su venta tal y como establece el RD 436/2004, en el que se definen las condiciones de explotación de plantas de generación de energía eléctrica mediante placas fotovoltaicas. Además claro está, del correspondiente beneficio ambiental y social por el ahorro de emisiones contaminantes y la mejora en la imagen del edificio que la implantación del sistema solar fotovoltaico supone. En el desarrollo del proyecto se estudian diversas alternativas de diseño e integración arquitectónica con objeto de alcanzar el dimensionado óptimo de la instalación fotovoltaica, atendiendo no sólo a las necesidades energéticas del edificio, sino también a criterios estéticos, arquitectónicos y de sostenibilidad. Para ello se utilizan varias herramientas de simulación energética que permiten evaluar el comportamiento térmico tanto en la cubierta del edificio como en las zonas interiores del mismo. De este modo se pretende estudiar el grado de confort térmico que alcanzarían los ocupantes del edificio una vez instalada la cubierta. Para las diversas alternativas de diseño propuestas se ha evaluado la cantidad de energía eléctrica generada teniendo en cuenta las pérdidas de la instalación, el beneficio económico resultante de la venta de la energía producida, el comportamiento térmico en la cubierta diseñada y el comportamiento térmico y energético de las dependencias interiores del edificio. Por último se evalúa la sostenibilidad económica, medioambiental y social de la instalación planteada

2S Albumin Storage Proteins: What Makes them Food Allergens?

2S albumin storage proteins are becoming of increasing interest in nutritional and clinical studies as they have been reported as major food allergens in seeds of many mono- and di-cotyledonous plants. This review describes the main biochemical, structural and functional properties of these proteins thought to play a role in determining their potential allergenicity. 2S albumins are considered to sensitize directly via the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The high stability of their intrinsic protein structure, dominated by a well-conserved skeleton of cysteine residues, to the harsh conditions present in the GIT suggests that these proteins are able to cross the gut mucosal barrier to sensitize the mucosal immune system and/or elicit an allergic response. The flexible and solvent-exposed hypervariable region of these proteins is immunodominant and has the ability to bind IgE from allergic patients´ sera. Several linear IgE-binding epitopes of 2S albumins spanning this region have been described to play a major role in allergenicity; the role of conformational epitopes of these proteins in food allergy is far from being understood and need to be investigated. Finally, the interaction of these proteins with other components of the food matrix might influence the absorption rates of immunologically reactive 2S albumins but also in their immune response

Producción de un hidrolizado proteico extenso de girasol mediante hidrólisis secuencial con endo- y exo-proteasas.

A high quality protein isolate has been obtained from defatted sunflower meal by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation. Protein content was increased from 31.2 % in the defatted flour to 97 % in the protein isolate. The percentages of fiber, soluble sugars, polyphenols and residual lipids in the protein isolate were reduced to more than 90 % with respect to the defatted meal. The protein isolate was used as starting material for the generation of an extensive enzymatic protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out in a pH stat using sequentially an endo-protease (Alcalase) and an exo-protease (Flavourzyme). The protein hydrolysate, with a degree of hydrolysis of 50.7 %, was white and non bitter.Se ha obtenido un aislado proteico de alta calidad a partir de harina desengrasada de girasol, mediante extracción alcalina y precipitación isoeléctrica. Se incrementó el contenido proteico desde un 31.2 % en la harina desengrasada hasta un 97 % en el aislado proteico. Los porcentajes de fibra, azúcares solubles, polifenoles y lípidos residuales se redujeron en más del 90 % en el aislado proteico respecto a la harina desengrasada. Se usó el aislado proteico como material de partida para la producción de un hidrolizado enzimático proteico extenso. La hidrólisis se realizó en un reactor usando secuencialmente una endo-proteasa (Alcalasa) y una exo-proteasa (Flavorzima). El hidrolizado proteico, con un grado de hidrólisis del 50.7 %, era blanco y no presentaba amargor

Diseño de una cubierta solar fotovoltaica conectada a la red eléctrica e integrada en un edificio industrial

El presente proyecto tiene por objeto llevar a cabo el diseño de una cubierta solar fotovoltaica conectada a la red eléctrica e integrada en un edificio auxiliar para taller, localizado en el recinto de las cocheras de autobuses del Polígono Industrial “Les Hortes” de Mataró. El fin perseguido es diseñar una cubierta solar fotovoltaica que genere el máximo de energía eléctrica posible con objeto de volcarla a la Red Eléctrica y obtener el consecuente beneficio económico por su venta tal y como establece el RD 436/2004, en el que se definen las condiciones de explotación de plantas de generación de energía eléctrica mediante placas fotovoltaicas. Además claro está, del correspondiente beneficio ambiental y social por el ahorro de emisiones contaminantes y la mejora en la imagen del edificio que la implantación del sistema solar fotovoltaico supone. En el desarrollo del proyecto se estudian diversas alternativas de diseño e integración arquitectónica con objeto de alcanzar el dimensionado óptimo de la instalación fotovoltaica, atendiendo no sólo a las necesidades energéticas del edificio, sino también a criterios estéticos, arquitectónicos y de sostenibilidad. Para ello se utilizan varias herramientas de simulación energética que permiten evaluar el comportamiento térmico tanto en la cubierta del edificio como en las zonas interiores del mismo. De este modo se pretende estudiar el grado de confort térmico que alcanzarían los ocupantes del edificio una vez instalada la cubierta. Para las diversas alternativas de diseño propuestas se ha evaluado la cantidad de energía eléctrica generada teniendo en cuenta las pérdidas de la instalación, el beneficio económico resultante de la venta de la energía producida, el comportamiento térmico en la cubierta diseñada y el comportamiento térmico y energético de las dependencias interiores del edificio. Por último se evalúa la sostenibilidad económica, medioambiental y social de la instalación planteada

Producción de un hidrolizado proteico extenso de girasol mediante hidrólisis secuencial con endo- y exo-proteasas

5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables.[EN] A high quality protein isolate has been obtained from defatted sunflower meal by alkaline extraction and isoelectric precipitation. Protein content was increased from 31.2 % in the defatted flour to 97 % in the protein isolate. The percentages of fiber, soluble sugars, polyphenols and residual lipids in the protein isolate were reduced to more than 90 % with respect to the defatted meal. The protein isolate was used as starting material for the generation of an extensive enzymatic protein hydrolysate. The hydrolysis was carried out in a pH stat using sequentially an endo-protease (Alcalase) and an exo-protease (Flavourzyme). The protein hydrolysate, with a degree of hydrolysis of 50.7 %, was white and non bitter.[ES] Se ha obtenido un aislado proteico de alta calidad a partir de harina desengrasada de girasol, mediante extracción alcalina y precipitación isoeléctrica. Se incrementó el contenido proteico desde un 31.2 % en la harina desengrasada hasta un 97 % en el aislado proteico. Los porcentajes de fibra, azúcares solubles, polifenoles y lípidos residuales se redujeron en más del 90 % en el aislado proteico respecto a la harina desengrasada. Se usó el aislado proteico como material de partida para la producción de un hidrolizado enzimático proteico extenso. La hidrólisis se realizó en un reactor usando secuencialmente una endo-proteasa (Alcalasa) y una exo-proteasa (Flavorzima). El hidrolizado proteico, con un grado de hidrólisis del 50.7 %, era blanco y no presentaba amargor.This work was supported by CICYT Grant AL198-0766.Peer reviewe

A Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Vicilins Hydrolysate Exhibits PPARγ Ligand Activity and Modulates Adipocyte Differentiation in a 3T3-L1 Cell Culture Model

© 2020 by the authors.Legume consumption has been reported to induce beneficial effects on obesity-associated metabolic disorders, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In the current work, pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed meal proteins (albumins, legumins and vicilins) were isolated, submitted to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and the effects of their hydrolysates (pea albumins hydrolysates (PAH), pea legumins hydrolysates (PLH) and pea vicilin hydrolysates (PVH), respectively) on 3T3-L1 murine pre-adipocytes were investigated. The pea vicilin hydrolysate (PVH), but not native pea vicilins, increased lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. PVH also increased the mRNA expression levels of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) and decreased that of pre-adipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) (a pre-adipocyte marker gene), suggesting that PVH promotes adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, PVH induced adiponectin and insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and stimulated glucose uptake. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation, were up-regulated in 3T3-L1 cells treated with PVH during adipocyte differentiation. Finally, PVH exhibited PPARγ ligand activity. Lactalbumin or other pea hydrolysates (PAH, PLH) did not exhibit such effects. These findings show that PVH stimulates adipocyte differentiation via, at least in part, the up-regulation of PPARγ expression levels and ligand activity. These effects of PVH might be relevant in the context of the beneficial health effects of legume consumption in obesity-associated metabolic disorders.This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish MICIIN (PET2008-0311 and AGL2017-83772-R). This research has been also partially supported by the FEDER and FSE funds from the European Union.Peer reviewe

A novel algorithm for radar classification based on Doppler characteristics exploiting orthogonal pseudo-Zernike polynomials

Phase modulation induced by target micro-motions introduces side-bands in the radar spectral signature returns. Time-frequency distributions facilitate the representation of such modulations in a micro-Doppler signature that is useful in the characterization and classification of targets. Reliable micro-Doppler signature classification requires the use of robust features that is capable of uniquely describing the micro-motion. Moreover, future applications of micro-Doppler classification will require meaningful representation of the observed target by using a limited set of values. In this paper, the application of the pseudo-Zernike moments for micro-Doppler classification is introduced. Specifically, the proposed algorithm consists in the extraction of the pseudo-Zernike moments from the Cadence Velocity Diagram (CVD). The use of pseudo-Zernike moments allows invariant features to be obtained that are able to discriminate the content of two-dimensional matrices with a small number of coefficients. The analysis has been conducted both on simulated and on real radar data, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach for classification purposes

Evolutionary emergence of collective intelligence in large groups of students

The emergence of collective intelligence has been studied in much greater detail in small groups than in larger ones. Nevertheless, in groups of several hundreds or thousands of members, it is well-known that the social environment exerts a considerable influence on individual behavior. A few recent papers have dealt with some aspects of large group situations, but have not provided an in-depth analysis of the role of interactions among the members of a group in the creation of ideas, as well as the group’s overall performance. In this study, we report an experiment where a large set of individuals, i.e., 789 high-school students, cooperated online in real time to solve two different examinations on a specifically designed platform (Thinkhub). Our goal of this paper 6 to describe the specific mechanisms of idea creation we were able to observe and to measure the group’s performance as a whole. When we deal with communication networks featuring a large number of interacting entities, it seems natural to model the set as a complex system by resorting to the tools of statistical mechanics. Our experiment shows how an interaction in small groups that increase in size over several phases, leading to a final phase where the students are confronted with the most popular answers of the previous phases, is capable of producing high-quality answers to all examination questions, whereby the last phase plays a crucial role. Our experiment likewise shows that a group’s performance in such a task progresses in a linear manner in parallel with the size of the group. Finally, we show that the controlled interaction and dynamics foreseen in the system can reduce the spread of “fake news” within the group

Partial TMR in FPGAs Using Approximate Logic Circuits

TMR is a very effective technique to mitigate SEU effects in FPGAs, but it is often expensive in terms of FPGA resource utilization and power consumption. For certain applications, Partial TMR can be used to trade off the reliability with the cost of mitigation. In this work we propose a new approach to build Partial TMR circuits for FPGAs using approximate logic circuits. This approach is scalable, with a fine granularity, and can provide a flexible balance between reliability and overheads. The proposed approach has been validated by the results of fault injection experiments and proton irradiation campaigns.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under contract ESP2015-68245-C4-1-P

Error Mitigation Using Approximate Logic Circuits: A Comparison of Probabilistic and Evolutionary Approaches

Technology scaling poses an increasing challenge to the reliability of digital circuits. Hardware redundancy solutions, such as triple modular redundancy (TMR), produce very high area overhead, so partial redundancy is often used to reduce the overheads. Approximate logic circuits provide a general framework for optimized mitigation of errors arising from a broad class of failure mechanisms, including transient, intermittent, and permanent failures. However, generating an optimal redundant logic circuit that is able to mask the faults with the highest probability while minimizing the area overheads is a challenging problem. In this study, we propose and compare two new approaches to generate approximate logic circuits to be used in a TMR schema. The probabilistic approach approximates a circuit in a greedy manner based on a probabilistic estimation of the error. The evolutionary approach can provide radically different solutions that are hard to reach by other methods. By combining these two approaches, the solution space can be explored in depth. Experimental results demonstrate that the evolutionary approach can produce better solutions, but the probabilistic approach is close. On the other hand, these approaches provide much better scalability than other existing partial redundancy techniques.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain under project ESP2015-68245-C4-1-P, and by the Czech science foundation project GA16-17538S and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic from the National Programme of Sustainability (NPU II); project IT4Innovations excellence in science - LQ1602